Venezuela, officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 12 n 7 is an American country located in the northern part of South America, consisting of a continental part and a large number of small islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea, whose capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. It has a territorial extension of 916 445 km². The continental territory borders the Caribbean Sea to the north, Colombia to the west, Brazil to the south and Guyana to the east. With this last country, the Venezuelan Government maintains a claim for Guayana Esequiba on an area of ​​159 542 km².13 For its maritime areas, it exercises sovereignty over 71 295 km² of territorial sea, 14 22 224 km² in its adjoining zone, 14 471 507 km² of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean under the concept of exclusive economic zone, 15 16 17 and 99 889 km² of continental shelf.17 This marine zone borders those of thirteen States.