Egypt, officially the (Arabic: جمهورية مصرالعربية Ŷumhūriyyat Misr al-'Arabiyyah, pronounced in Egyptian dialect: [Maṣr]) Arab Republic of Egypt is a sovereign country in the Middle East in the westernmost part of Mashreq. It is a transcontinental country, it is located in the far northeast of Africa as well as in Asia, in the Sinai Peninsula. It borders Sudan to the south, Libya to the west and Palestine to Israel to the northeast. To the north it borders on the Mediterranean Sea and to the southeast with the Red Sea.

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The greater part of its surface is integrated by the Sahara desert. The Nile River crosses the desert from north to south, forming a narrow valley and a large delta at its mouth in the Mediterranean. These fertile lands are densely populated, concentrating the largest national population in Africa and the Middle East. Almost half of the Egyptians live in urban areas, especially in the densely populated centers of Cairo and Alexandria.